GOVERNMENT SCHEMES (AUGUST UPDATED)
Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY)
Why in News?
- Union Government maintained returns on Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) at 8.2% per annum for Q1 and Q2 of FY26 (April–September 2025).
- 3-Year Post Office Time Deposit Scheme rate remains at 7.1% per annum as of Q2 FY26.
- Rates were last revised in Q1 FY25 and remain unchanged through Q2 FY26.
About the Scheme
The Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) is a government‑backed savings scheme launched under the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign. It aims to provide financial security for the education and marriage of a girl child, offering one of the highest interest rates among small savings schemes.
Eligibility
- Resident Indian girl child until maturity.
- Account can be opened any time before the girl child turns 10 years old.
- Maximum of 2 accounts per family (exceptions allowed for twins/triplets upon producing relevant certificates).
Benefits
- Interest Rate: 8.2% per annum (compounded yearly, reviewed quarterly).
- Minimum annual deposit: ₹250
- Maximum annual deposit: ₹1,50,000
- Maturity period: 21 years from account opening
- Deposits allowed for the first 15 years only
- Partial withdrawal of up to 50% of account balance is allowed after the girl turns 18, for education or marriage
- Tax Benefits:
- Deduction under Section 80C up to ₹1.5 lakh per annum
- Interest and maturity proceeds are tax-free (EEE status)
- Penalty for default: ₹50 per year for failing to meet the minimum deposit; account can be revived within 15 years
- Backed by sovereign guarantee – making it one of the safest investment options
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme
Recently, a debate has emerged over the effectiveness of India’s PLI—especially in electronics manufacturing— with concerns that it may create import-dependent assembly jobs rather than self‑sufficiency and broad-based growth. In FY 2024–25, the electronics and pharmaceutical sectors received about 70% of total PLI disbursements.
Goals of the PLI Scheme
- Boost the manufacturing sector
- Reduce imports
- Encourage foreign companies to invest and manufacture in India
- Create micro‑jobs and large-scale employment
- Attract investments in key sectors (e.g., electronics, pharma, textiles, specialty steel)
- Attract cutting-edge technology and foster high-value manufacturing
- Enhance efficiency and competitiveness
- Make Indian companies and manufacturers globally competitive
Incentive Structure
- Eligible companies receive incentives typically ranging from 4% to 6% on incremental sales of goods manufactured in India over a base year.
- Automobile & auto component tiers: incentives ranging from 8% to 11% plus extras (e.g., +2% for high sales, +5% for EV/Hydrogen components).
- Textiles, pharmaceuticals, specialty steel, electronics, medical devices, drones, white goods, telecom, and others are covered among ~14–16 sectors.
- Scheme duration varies: generally spans five financial years (e.g., FY 2023–24 to FY 2027–28), with incentives disbursed in the subsequent year.
Sectoral Coverage & Highlights
- Automobile & Auto Components: Incentive slab structure ranging from 8%–11% based on sales tiers. Additional 2% for sales exceeding ₹1,250 crore, and +5% for BEV/Hydrogen components. Entire scheme capped at ₹25,938 crore over five years. FY 2024‑25 disbursements are robust and expected to conclude by the fourth year.
- Specialty Steel: Outlay of ₹6,322 crore over five years (2023–24 to 2027–28), covering coated/plated steel, high-strength steel, specialty rails, alloy products, and electrical steel; incentives range from 3%–15% based on product category.
- Textiles: PLI scheme for textiles (MMF fabrics, garments, technical textiles) offers incentives worth ₹10,683 crore over five years, expected to generate ₹3 lakh crore in turnover and over 7.5 lakh jobs.
- Electronics & Pharmaceuticals: Combined, they accounted for around 70% of total PLI disbursements in FY 2024‑25.
PM‑KUSUM
Why in News?
- The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has extended the scheme implementation deadline to March 2026, to compensate for delays—especially due to the COVID‑19 pandemic.
About
Launched in 2019, PM‑KUSUM was designed to enhance farmers’ incomes and energy security by deploying solar technologies in agriculture and reducing diesel dependence.
Components
- Component A: 10,000 MW decentralized ground-mounted grid‑connected solar power plants.
- Component B: Installation of up to 20 lakh standalone solar‑powered agriculture pumps.
- Component C: Solarisation of up to 15 lakh grid‑connected agriculture pumps.
- Revised targets under budget 2025–26: Combined Components B & C now aim at up to ~49 lakh pumps; total solar capacity target revised to ~34,800 MW by March 2026.
Objective
- Enable farmers to generate solar power using fallow or arid land, and sell surplus energy to the grid.
- Boost farmers’ income through decentralized solar generation and DISCOM purchase incentives.
Financial Assistance & Cost Sharing
- Component A (solar plants): Central Financial Assistance (CFA) fully supported via MNRE-backed incentives to DISCOMs.
- Components B & C (pumps): CFA up to 30% of benchmark cost (50% in special category areas like NE states, Himalayan regions, and island territories); additional 30% state share; 40% borne by beneficiary farmer.
- Farmers can avail of low-cost financing to reduce initial out-of-pocket expenses.
- Feeder solarisation can be done via CAPEX or RESCO mode; subsidy amounting to ₹1.05 crore/MW is available—no mandatory state share needed.
Progress (as of March 2025)
- Component A: 10,000 MW sanctioned; ~563 MW installed.
- Component B: Sanctioned pumps: ~12.24 lakh; Installed: ~7.71 lakh.
- Component C: Sanctioned pumps: ~95,308; Solarised: ~3.33 lakh.
- Under Budget 2025–26, ₹2,600 crore allocated—up from ₹2,525 crore (RE) in FY 2024–25.
- Component B saw ~4.4 lakh pump installations in FY 2024–25 (≈4.2× higher than FY 2023–24); Component C saw ~2.6 lakh solarisations (~25× higher). Total pumps across components B & C exceed 10 lakh; total expenditure surged to ₹2,680 crore (≈268% YoY rise).
New Solar Scheme for PVTG (PM‑JANMAN)
The Central Government has launched a ₹515 crore solar power scheme under the PM‑JANMAN initiative to electrify 1 lakh un‑electrified tribal households in PVTG areas with off‑grid solar solutions. In addition, solar lighting will be provided to 1,500 Multi‑Purpose Centres (MPCs). ([pv‑magazine‑india.com](https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2024/01/09/govt-announces-inr-515‑crore‑solar‑power‑scheme‑for‑electrification‑of‑tribal‑areas/))
Key Points
- Operative period: FY 2023–24 to FY 2025–26.
- Disbursement schedule over three years:
- ₹20 crore in FY 2023–24
- ₹255 crore in FY 2024–25
- ₹240 crore in FY 2025–26
- Provision of a 0.3 kW solar off‑grid system (Solar Home Lighting System with LED bulbs and fan plus 5-year maintenance) for each of the 1 lakh PVTG households — fully centrally funded (CFA ₹50,000 per HH or actual cost).
- Provision of solar systems for 1,500 MPCs in PVTG areas — fully centrally funded (CFA ₹1 lakh per MPC).
Pradhan Mantri Suryodaya Yojana
Why in News?
- The Prime Minister announced the Pradhan Mantri Suryodaya Yojana, targeting installation of rooftop solar systems in one crore households nationwide. This includes providing up to 300 units of free electricity per month to each beneficiary household. The scheme carries a central budget allocation of approximately ₹75,000 crore.
What are Rooftop Solar Panels?
- About: Photovoltaic modules mounted on a building’s roof and connected to the main power supply.
- Benefit: Reduce reliance on grid electricity and lower consumer power bills.
- Export of Surplus: Excess units generated can be fed back to the grid as per metering provisions.
- Monetisation: Consumers may receive payments/credits for exported surplus according to prevailing regulations.
Related Government Initiatives
- In 2014, the government launched the Rooftop Solar Programme with a target of 40,000 MW (40 GW) by 2022; the deadline has since been extended to 2026.
- Pradhan Mantri Suryodaya Yojana is designed to accelerate progress toward the 40 GW goal through focused deployment in the residential sector.
What is the Current Solar Capacity in India?
- Rooftop Solar Capacity: Around 11.08 GW as of December 2023.
- Total Solar Installed (all formats): Approximately 73.31 GW as of December 2023.
- Rooftop Leaders: Gujarat ~ 2.8 GW; Maharashtra ~ 1.7 GW.
- Potential: As per CEEW, only about 20% of rooftop solar is residential; India's ~25 crore households could host up to 637 GW of rooftop solar, with just one-third of that meeting full residential electricity demand.
- Distributed Adoption: Maharashtra has crossed **1,000 MW** of rooftop solar installations under the “Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana,” involving over 2.5 lakh households and central subsidies worth ₹1,870 crore.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM‑GKAY)
- Why in News? The Prime Minister announced a five‑year extension of free foodgrain supply, strengthening one of the world’s largest food security programs. Approximately 81.35 crore beneficiaries will be covered under the scheme through 31 December 2028 at an estimated cost of ₹11.80 lakh crore.
Overview & Timeline
- Ministry: Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (Minister: Shri Piyush Goyal).
- Start: Launched on 26 March 2020 under the Atmanirbhar Bharat package as COVID‑19 relief to supply free foodgrains to migrants and vulnerable communities.
- Initial outlay: ~₹3.91 lakh crore for multiple phases through December 2022.}
- NFSA entitlements: Under the National Food Security Act, 2013:
- 5 kg free foodgrains per person per month (rice/wheat/coarse grains) at ₹3/₹2/₹1 per kg;
- AAY households: 35 kg per household per month.
- Scheme phases: Covered seven phases from Apr–Jun 2020 through Dec 2022.
NFSA & Integrated Food Security Update
- From Jan 2023: PM‑GKAY subsumed under an Integrated Food Security Scheme, supplying free NFSA entitlements for one year.
- Subsequently: The government reinstated PM‑GKAY for five years from 1 Jan 2024 to 31 Dec 2028, at an approximate subsidy cost of ₹11.80 lakh crore.
Current Provisions
- Entitlement: 5 kg foodgrains per person per month under NFSA, provided free in addition to regular subsidies.
- AAY households: 35 kg per household per month, fully free.
- Additional support:
- Pregnant & lactating women: Cash maternity benefit of ≥₹6,000 (to offset wage loss and enhance nutrition).
- Children: Meals provided up to 14 years of age.
- Food security allowance: Paid if entitled foodgrains or meals are not supplied.
Eligibility
- Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
- Landless agricultural labourers
- Marginal farmers
- Rural artisans/craftsmen
- Persons in the informal sector
- Primitive tribal households
- HIV-positive BPL persons
- Persons aged 60+
- Single individuals without family/social support
Scale & Outlays (Snapshot)
- Started: March 2020
- Beneficiaries: ~81.35 crore under PM‑GKAY extension.
- Outlay (Integrated Food Security Scheme): ~₹2 lakh crore initial provision in 2023; PM‑GKAY subsidy estimates ~₹11.80 lakh crore over 5 years.
NTPC – Girl Child Empowerment Mission (GEM)
NTPC Limited has launched the 6th edition of its flagship CSR initiative, the Girl Empowerment Mission (GEM), aligned with the Government of India’s Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign. This year's residential summer workshop spans across 41 NTPC stations in 17 states, reaching over 2,600 girls from underprivileged communities. At the conclusion of the program, about 10% of participants are supported to continue their education in NTPC-run schools.
Objective
- The initiative aims to nurture the imagination and reduce gender inequality by enabling young girls to explore opportunities and build essential life skills through a month‑long residential workshop.
- The workshop includes a holistic curriculum featuring language learning, mathematics, environmental science, computer basics, life skills (such as yoga, hygiene, communication), industrial visits, and motivational sessions.
2025 Edition Highlights
- Commenced in June 2025, covering 41 NTPC stations across 17 states.
- Over 2,600 girls participated in the residential summer program.
- Approximately 10% of beneficiaries are enrolled in NTPC-run schools for continued higher secondary education.
Program Evolution
- Launched in 2018 as a pilot in three locations with 392 participants.
- Expanded over the years to cover more project locations. By mid‑2025, GEM has empowered over 12,700 girls.
- In the 2024 edition: nearly 3,000 additional girls at 42 locations were included, pushing total beneficiaries past the 10,000 mark.
Recent Local Activities
- NTPC Kudgi (2025): Conducted GEM in five villages—Kudgi, Masuti, Golasangi, Telagi, Muttagi—impacting **76 Class 6 girls** from 14 rural schools during May–June 2025. The workshop included academics, life skills, hygiene training, and motivational interaction.
- NTPC Lara (2025): In its sixth year (fourth at Lara), the workshop ran from May 17 to June 13, empowering **40 girls aged 10–12** with academic and life-skill sessions.
Awards & Recognition
- GEM received the **First Runner‑Up** award in the **2024 UN Women India WEPs (Women’s Empowerment Principles)** under the “Community Engagement & Partnerships” category. NTPC is the only PSU recognized with this honor.
About NTPC Limited
- India’s largest integrated power company; a Central Public Sector Undertaking under the **Ministry of Power**.
- Established in **1975**, headquartered in **New Delhi**.
- Holds **Maharatna** status since **May 2010**.
- Chairman & Managing Director: **Gurdeep Singh**.
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
- Why in News: The scheme has completed a decade since its launch in May 2015.
- Launch year: 9 May 2015
- Entry age: 18–50 years (insurance cover available up to age 55).
Objective
Provide affordable life insurance cover—especially for poor and underprivileged—against death due to any reason.
Achievements
- Cumulative enrolments: approximately 23.98 crore as of June 2025.
- Claims paid: over 9 lakh claims disbursed, totaling around ₹18,397 crore as of April 2025.
Salient Features
- Cover: ₹2 lakh life insurance.
- Premium: ₹436 per annum.
- Renewal: Annual renewal, with pro-rata premium options for mid-year enrolments.
- Coverage up to: Age 55.
- Enrolment: Bank branch / Post Office / Business Correspondent.
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
- Why in News: The scheme has completed a decade since its launch in May 2015.
- Launched on: 9 May 2015
Objective
A one-year accidental insurance scheme, renewable annually, offering cover for death or disability due to an accident.
Eligibility & Coverage
- Age: 18–70 years.
- Accidental death: ₹2 lakh.
- Accidental permanent total disability: ₹2 lakh.
- Accidental permanent partial disability: ₹1 lakh.
Features
- Premium: ₹20 per year.
- Renewal: Annual.
- Enrolment: Bank branch / Post Office.
- Payment: Auto-debited every year.
Achievements
- Cumulative enrolments: approximately 51.06 crore as of April 2025. ([Ministry of Finance](https://archive.today/2025-05-09-new-url))
- Claims settled in FY 2024–25: over 1.35 lakh claims, with more than ₹2,700 crore disbursed. ([Business Standard](https://www.business-standard.com/amp/economy/analysis/pradhan-mantri-suraksha-bima-yojana-a-decade-of-insurance-inclusion-125052101765_1.html))
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
What is PMFBY?
- Launched in 2016; administered by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
- Replaced earlier schemes: NAIS and MNAIS.
- Provides crop insurance cover for cereals, oilseeds, pulses, cotton, sugarcane, horticultural crops, and more.
Crop Insurance – Why?
Protects farmers against financial losses from crop failure due to:
- Drought, hailstorm, flood, disease, pest attack, and post-harvest losses.
Objectives
- Provide insurance cover and financial support when notified crops fail due to natural calamities, pests, or diseases.
- Stabilize farmers’ income and ensure continuity of farming.
- Encourage adoption of modern agricultural practices.
- Ensure smooth flow of credit to the agriculture sector.
Premium & Cost Sharing
- Kharif: 2% of sum insured (farmer share).
- Rabi: 1.5% of sum insured (farmer share).
- Commercial & Horticulture: 5% (farmer share).
- Balance premium shared by Centre and States equally (50:50); in North-Eastern regions, the share is 90:10.
- Actuarial premium (for companies) typically higher—scheme ensures full sum insured is payable without reduction.
Example—Kharif
- Farmer pays: 2% · Government pays: 6% (Centre 3% + State 3%).
- Sum Insured: Calculated based on cost of cultivation.
Implementation Notes
- First state to adopt PMFBY: Uttarakhand.
- Operates on an area-based approach to cover notified regions/group of farmers.
- Technological enhancements include NCIP, DigiClaim, YES‑TECH (from Kharif 2023), drone & satellite integration for faster and accurate processing.
Latest Developments (2025)
- In FY 2024–25, farmer enrolment surged to approximately 4.19 crore—a record high and ~32% growth year-on-year. ([Hindu Dayashankar site, Aug 2025](turn0search0))
- Cumulative applications insured: ~78.41 crore; claims paid totaled ~₹1.83 lakh crore since inception. ([turn0search0])
- Union Cabinet extended PMFBY and RWBCIS till FY 2025–26 with a total outlay of ₹69,515.71 crore. ([turn0search0], [turn0search11])
- Recent claim disbursement: ₹3,200 crore was transferred to ~30 lakh farmers under PMFBY, enabled by faster claim settlement rules. ([TOI, Aug 2025](turn0news15))
Regional Highlights
- In Karnataka’s Kalaburagi district, 20.4 lakh farmers participated in PMFBY covering ₹362 crore; the district had the highest registrations. ([TOI, Aug 2025](turn0news14))
- Chhattisgarh disbursed ₹152.84 crore in crop insurance claims to ~1.42 lakh farmers under PMFBY and RWBCIS. ([TOI, Aug 2025](turn0news18))
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
Why in News?
- The Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying reviewed progress on issuing KCCs to poor farmers in these sectors with Banks & RRBs.
- As of December 2024, KCC loans outstanding have crossed ₹10 lakh crore, benefiting approximately 7.72 crore farmers.
About
- Introduced in 1998 to provide adequate, timely credit via a single window with flexible procedures for cultivation and other needs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, cash for production, etc.).
- 2004: Extended to investment credit for allied & non-farm activities.
- Budget 2018–19: Facility extended to fisheries and animal husbandry farmers for working capital.
Implementing Agencies
- Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Small Finance Banks, Cooperatives
Financial Provisions
- Short-term crop loans up to ₹3 lakh at 7% p.a., with 1.5% interest subvention and 3% prompt repayment incentive—effective rate: 4% p.a.
- Under the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS), the loan limit has now been raised to ₹5 lakh.
Features
- Collateral-free limit increased from ₹1.6 lakh to **₹2 lakh**, effective 1 January 2025. ([ET Government](https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/rbi-increases-collateral-free-agricultural-loan-limit-from-1-6-lakh-to-2-lakh/116333104))
- Supports short-term credit for rearing animals, poultry, fish, shrimp, other aquaculture, and capture fisheries.
- Simple interest charged for prompt repayment; compound interest applied if delayed.
- Maximum loan extended up to ₹5 lakh under MISS.
- No security required for loans up to ₹2 lakh.
Eligibility
KCC can be issued to anyone engaged in agriculture, allied, or eligible non-farm activities.
- Age: 18–75 years (if borrower is 60+, a co-borrower who is a legal heir is required).
- Who can apply: Individual/joint cultivators; owners, tenant farmers, oral lessees, sharecroppers; SHGs or Joint Liability Groups, including tenant farmers.
Latest Developments (2025)
- Operative KCC loans crossed **₹10 lakh crore**, benefiting **7.72 crore farmers** as of December 2024.
- The MISS scheme continues through FY 2025–26 with the 1.5% interest subvention rate retained.
- In Uttar Pradesh, the state government aims to issue **2.5 million new KCC cards** in FY 2025–26, following 7.1 million issued in FY 2024–25.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan‑Dhan Yojana (PM‑KMY) — PM Kisan Pension Yojana
- Old‑age pension scheme for land‑holding Small & Marginal Farmers (SMFs); fully voluntary & contributory.
- Entry age: 18–40 years | Effective from: 9 August 2019.
- Scheme type: Central Sector, administered by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers’ Welfare, in partnership with the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
Purpose & Benefits
- Provide lifelong social security to small and marginal farmers post‑retirement.
- Assured pension of ₹3,000/month upon attaining 60 years of age.
- Spouses can join separately and receive their own ₹3,000/month pension at 60, with separate contributions.
Contingencies
- Death before 60: Spouse may continue the scheme; if not, full contributions plus interest payable to spouse or nominee.
- Death after 60 (pension commenced): Spouse receives 50% of pension (i.e., ₹1,500/month) as Family Pension.
Scheme Highlights
- Farmers contribute monthly from **₹55 to ₹200** (depending on age at entry), which the government matches equally.
- Scheme provides flexibility: exits before 10 years return contributions with savings bank interest; exits after 10 years return contributions plus higher of pension fund or savings bank rates.
Enrollment Status
- As of 6 August 2024, approximately 23.38 lakh farmers have enrolled in the scheme. Key states include Bihar (~3.4 lakh), Jharkhand (~2.5 lakh), Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
Soil Health Card (SHC)
GoI scheme promoted by the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare; implemented through State/UT Agriculture Departments. SHC gives each farmer the nutrient status of their holding and advice on fertilizer doses and soil amendments for long‑term soil health. As of July 2025, over 25 crore Soil Health Cards have been distributed to farmers—backed by ₹1,706.18 crore released to States/UTs—and large‑scale soil mapping and village‑level fertility maps have been deployed.
What is a Soil Health Card?
- A printed report for each holding, indicating soil status for 12 parameters: N, P, K (macro‑nutrients); S (secondary); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (micro‑nutrients); and pH, EC, OC (physical parameters).
- Provides tailored fertilizer recommendations and necessary soil amendments.
How can a farmer use SHC?
- Follow the advisory based on soil nutrient status: optimal doses, appropriate fertilizer types and quantities, and amendments to improve yields sustainably.
Issuance Frequency
- Issued approximately once every 2 years to monitor soil health; scheme launched its 10th anniversary in February 2025.
Sampling Norms & Collection
- Samples from a grid of 2.5 ha (irrigated) and 10 ha (rain-fed), using GPS tools and revenue maps.
- Collected by State Agriculture staff or accredited agency staff; often involving local Agriculture students.
- Ideal timing: after harvesting Rabi and Kharif crops or when land is fallow.
- Method: cut “V” shape from 15–20 cm depth at four corners + centre, mix, sample, avoid shaded areas, code and send to labs.
World Soil Day
- 5 December 2015 (FAO declared the International Year of Soils in 2015). The scheme correlates with World Soil Day to emphasize soil stewardship.
Infrastructure & Technological Progress
- Testing Labs: As of February 2025, over 8,272 labs—comprising static, mobile, mini, and 665 village‑level labs—have been set up.
- Soil Mapping: Completed over 290 lakh hectares at a 1:10,000 scale, including land in 40 aspirational districts.
- Village Maps: 1,987 village-level soil fertility maps created for 21 States and UTs.
- VLSTLs: 665 labs established in 17 states as of February 2025.
- School Programme: Expanded to 1,020 schools, with 1,000 labs and over 132,500 students engaged in soil testing and awareness.
- Digital Integration: Improved SHC portal with GIS, a mobile app for sample tracking and QR-coded results—rolled out since April 2023.
- RKVY Integration: From 2022‑23, SHC is part of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana under “Soil Health & Fertility.”
Bhu-Vision — KRISHI-RASTAA Soil Testing System
Recently launched at AICRP (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, Bhu-Vision is an IoT-based automated soil testing and agronomy advisory platform. Jointly developed by ICAR-IIRR and KrishiTantra.
Key Features
- Also known as the KRISHI-RASTAA Soil Testing System.
- 12 key soil parameters tested in about 30 minutes.
- Delivers quick, accurate results to farmers and stakeholders via a Soil Health Card on their mobile devices.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
Why in News?
- In about six years since launch, over 12 crore farmers have benefited; more than ₹2.1 lakh crore released via installments.
About
- Launched on 24 Feb 2019 to supplement financial needs of land-holding farmers.
- Central Sector Scheme with 100% GoI funding; implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
- Initially for SMFs up to 2 ha; later expanded to all landholding farmers.
Financial Benefits
- ₹6,000/year per farmer family, paid in three equal installments every four months, through DBT.
Objectives
- Support purchase of inputs, ensure crop health & adequate yields aligned with expected farm income each crop cycle.
- Reduce dependence on moneylenders and ensure continuity in farming.
Digital & Verification
- PM-KISAN Mobile App: Developed by NIC with MeitY.
- Physical Verification Module: Mandatory 5% beneficiary verification annually per scheme provisions.
Namo Shetkari Mahasanman Nidhi Yojana
Additional income support for farmers eligible under PM-KISAN; credited via DBT to Aadhaar-linked bank accounts.
Benefits & Eligibility
- ₹6,000/year transferred in three equal installments.
- Eligibility: Farmers eligible for PM-KISAN continue to be eligible for NSMNY.
- Installment sync: NSMNY installments remain aligned with corresponding PM-KISAN installment cycles.
- At each installment, eligible families receive ₹2,000 from PM-KISAN and ₹2,000 from NSMNY → ₹12,000/year combined.
- Payments through DBT; credited only to Aadhaar-linked accounts.
National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
What’s in News?
- 28 new mandis approved for integration, taking total APMCs to 1389 on e-NAM.
- Covers 23 States & 4 UTs; trading in 219 commodities.
About
- Launched: 14 April 2016
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
- Type: Central Sector Scheme | Funded by: Agri-Tech Infrastructure Fund (AITF)
- Lead Implementing Agency: Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)
- Tagline: Uttam Fasal Uttam Enaam
Objective
- Integrate markets at the state level first and eventually across India via a common online market platform.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY)
Why in News (Recently)
- MoFPI shared updates on PMKSY. Earlier, under Atmanirbhar Bharat, MoFPI launched the PM-FME scheme for formalising micro food processing enterprises.
- Key food processing sub-segments in India include dairy, fruits & vegetables, poultry & meat, fisheries, and food retail.
About
- 2016: MoFPI introduced umbrella scheme SAMPADA (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing & Development of Agro-Processing Clusters) with an outlay of ₹6,000 crore for 2016–20.
- 2017: Renamed as Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY); a Central Sector Umbrella Scheme.
Objectives
- Supplement agriculture by creating processing & preservation capacity.
- Modernise and expand existing food processing units; increase level of processing and value addition.
- Reduce post-harvest losses/wastage.
Continuation
- Continuation of PMKSY (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing and Development of Agro-Processing Clusters) with an allocation of ₹4,600 crore is approved till 31-03-2026.
- Core objective remains: supplement agriculture, modernise processing, and decrease agri-waste.
Krishi Rakshak Portal & SARTHI — PMFBY Initiatives
Launch Context
- On 8 Feb 2024 in New Delhi, Union Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Minister Arjun Munda launched initiatives under PMFBY to aid insured farmers and mitigate risk.
Krishi Rakshak Portal & Helpline 14447
- Integrated grievance redressal mechanism.
- Includes a digital portal and a call centre.
- Farmers can easily register grievances, concerns, and queries.
SARTHI Initiative
- SARTHI = Sandbox for Agricultural and Rural Security, Technology, and Insurance.
- Leverages technology to pilot and deliver diverse insurance products.
- Coverage spans health, life, property, agriculture tools, motor assets, and disaster risks.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY)
A Central Sector Sub-scheme under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada (PMMSY) for formalising the fisheries sector and supporting fisheries micro & small enterprises across all States/UTs.
Approval & Period
- Approved by the Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister.
- Implementation period: FY 2023-24 to FY 2026-27 (4 years).
Outlay & Financing
- Total estimated outlay: ₹6,000 crore.
- 50% public finance (≈ ₹3,000 crore) including World Bank/other external financing.
- Remaining 50% (≈ ₹3,000 crore) as anticipated beneficiary/private sector leverage.
- Implemented as a Central Sector Sub-scheme under the Central Sector component of PMMSY.
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)
About
- Launched by Government of India in 2015.
- Provides collateral-free institutional loans up to ₹10 lakh for small business enterprises.
- Member Lending Institutions (MLIs): SCBs, RRBs, NBFCs, MFIs.
- Usable for income-generating activities in manufacturing, trading, services, and agriculture.
Loan Products
- Shishu: up to ₹50,000
- Kishore: ₹50,000–₹5 lakh
- Tarun: ₹5–10 lakh
Improvements/Enablers
- Online applications via udyamimitra portal.
- Some PSBs have end-to-end digital lending with automated sanctions under PMMY.
- Publicity campaigns by PSBs & Mudra Ltd.; Mudra Nodal Officers in PSBs.
- Loans are collateral-free.
MUDRA (Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency)
- Launch: 8 Apr 2015 (without security).
- Lenders include: Commercial Banks, RRB, SFB, MSF, NBFC.
- Interest: ~7.30% onward | Tenure: 1–7 years | Eligible age: 18–65 years.
- Indicative fund split: Shishu 40% • Kishore 35% • Tarun 25%.
- MUDRA is a wholly owned subsidiary of SIDBI.
PM SVANidhi (PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi)
About & Objectives
- A Central Sector Scheme fully funded by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.
- Objectives: (i) Facilitate working-capital loans; (ii) Incentivize regular repayment; (iii) Reward digital transactions.
Reforms & Extensions (Latest)
- Extended till 31 March 2030, targeting 1.15 crore street vendors (including 50 lakh new beneficiaries).
- Enhanced loan ladder: 1st ₹15,000 (was ₹10,000); 2nd ₹25,000 (was ₹20,000); 3rd remains ₹50,000 — all collateral-free.
- UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card for vendors who repay the 2nd loan—quick access to emergency credit.
- Digital cashback up to ₹1,600 for retail/wholesale digital transactions.
- Capacity building: entrepreneurship, financial literacy, digital skills & food safety (with FSSAI).
- SVANidhi se Samriddhi: integrates social security & other government welfare schemes.
- Coverage expanded beyond statutory towns to census towns and peri-urban areas.
Lending & Eligibility
- Lending agencies: MFIs, NBFCs, Self-Help Groups, etc.
- States/UTs: Available only where the Street Vendors Act, 2014 Rules & Scheme are notified; Meghalaya (with its own Act) may also participate.
- Beneficiaries: All street vendors vending in urban/census/peri-urban areas (earlier cut-off of 24 Mar 2020 no longer applies).
Incentives for Timely Repayment
- Interest subsidy: 7% p.a., credited via DBT on a six-monthly basis.
Progress (as of July 2025)
- 96+ lakh loans disbursed, totaling about ₹13,797 crore.
- 68+ lakh unique vendors benefited; 47 lakh digitally active beneficiaries.
Agnipath Scheme
- Eligibility (Age): 17.5 to 23 years.
- Vacancies: ~46,000 recruits per year.
- Selected candidates are called Agniveer.
- Entry at Non-Commissioned ranks (Naik, Lance Naik, Sepoy).
- After 4 years, about 25% of Agniveers are absorbed into the regular cadre of the Army, Navy & Air Force.
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
- Why in News: Eight years of APY.
- Launch: 9 May 2015 | Ministry: Ministry of Finance
- Age group: 18–40 years | Admin: PFRDA (through NPS)
- Formerly: Swavalamban Yojana
Benefits
- Guaranteed pension at age 60: ₹1,000 to ₹5,000 per month (as chosen).
- Pension is guaranteed for spouse on subscriber’s death.
- If both subscriber and spouse die, the entire pension corpus is paid to the nominee.
- Tax benefits similar to NPS (as applicable).
- Payment frequency: monthly / quarterly / half-yearly contributions.
Achievements
- 5+ crore subscribers (as on 27 Apr 2023).
- 45%+ beneficiaries are women (as on 28 Feb 2023).
Eligibility
- Indian citizen aged 18–40.
- Has a savings bank account (bank or post office).
- Not covered by any statutory social security scheme.
- Income taxpayers are not eligible to join APY (as per Finance Ministry notification).
- Target segment: universal social security for all Indians, especially poor/under-privileged and unorganised-sector workers.
Illustrative Contributions by Age & Chosen Pension
Indicative monthly contribution (₹) required for the selected guaranteed pension; also shows the indicative nominee corpus.
| Age | Years of Contribution |
₹1,000/mo Nominee ≈ ₹1.7L |
₹2,000/mo Nominee ≈ ₹3.4L |
₹3,000/mo Nominee ≈ ₹5.1L |
₹4,000/mo Nominee ≈ ₹6.8L |
₹5,000/mo Nominee ≈ ₹8.5L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | 42 | 42 | 84 | 126 | 168 | 210 |
| 19 | 41 | 46 | 92 | 138 | 183 | 228 |
| 20 | 40 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 198 | 248 |
| 21 | 39 | 54 | 108 | 162 | 215 | 269 |
| 22 | 38 | 59 | 117 | 177 | 234 | 292 |
| 23 | 37 | 64 | 127 | 192 | 254 | 318 |
| 24 | 36 | 70 | 139 | 208 | 277 | 346 |
| 25 | 35 | 76 | 151 | 226 | 301 | 376 |
| 26 | 34 | 82 | 164 | 246 | 327 | 409 |
| 27 | 33 | 90 | 178 | 268 | 356 | 446 |
| 28 | 32 | 97 | 194 | 292 | 388 | 485 |
| 29 | 31 | 106 | 212 | 318 | 423 | 529 |
| 30 | 30 | 116 | 231 | 347 | 462 | 577 |
| 31 | 29 | 126 | 252 | 379 | 504 | 630 |
| 32 | 28 | 138 | 276 | 414 | 551 | 689 |
| 33 | 27 | 151 | 302 | 453 | 602 | 752 |
| 34 | 26 | 165 | 330 | 495 | 659 | 824 |
| 35 | 25 | 181 | 362 | 543 | 722 | 902 |
| 36 | 24 | 198 | 396 | 594 | 792 | 990 |
| 37 | 23 | 218 | 436 | 654 | 870 | 1087 |
| 38 | 22 | 240 | 480 | 720 | 957 | 1196 |
| 39 | 21 | 264 | 528 | 792 | 1054 | 1318 |
| 40 | 20 | 291 | 582 | 873 | 1164 | 1454 |
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY)
- Launched on 4 May 2017 to protect senior citizens (60+ years) and provide social security in old age.
- Assured return: 8% per annum for 10 years.
- Purchase price: Minimum ₹1.5 lakh; Maximum ₹15 lakh per senior citizen.
- Pension range: Minimum ₹1,000/month to maximum ₹10,000/month.
- Surrender value: 98% of purchase price under exceptional circumstances (e.g., critical illness).
- Loan facility: Available after 3 years; maximum loan value 75% of purchase price.
- Scheme extended up to 31 March 2023 (from 3 May 2018).
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme (SCSS)
Key Updates
- Maximum deposit limit enhanced from ₹15 lakh to ₹30 lakh.
- Monthly Income Account Scheme (MIAS) deposit limits raised:
- Single account: from ₹4.5 lakh to ₹9 lakh
- Joint account: from ₹9 lakh to ₹15 lakh
Comprehensive Changes (DEA, Ministry of Finance)
- Maturity: 5 years; extendable by 3 years (apply in the 4th year).
- Deposits: Multiples of ₹1,000; maximum ₹30 lakh.
- Interest: ~8.2% p.a. (as provided).
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme (SCSS) — 7 Key Changes
- Extended Time for Investing Retirement Benefits: Individuals aged above 55 but below 60 now have a 3-month window to invest in SCSS after receiving retirement benefits (earlier: 1 month).
- Investment by Spouse of Government Employee: Spouses of government employees may invest the financial assistance amount in SCSS.
- Definition of Retirement Benefits: Explicitly includes PF dues, gratuity, commuted pension, leave encashment, and other retirement-related payments.
- Deduction on Premature Withdrawal: If closed before completion of 1 year, 1% deduction of the deposit applies (replaces earlier recovery of interest).
- No Limit on Extensions: Accounts can be extended for multiple 3-year blocks (earlier: only once). Each extension needs a separate application.
- Interest on Extended Deposits: On extension at maturity, the deposit earns the interest rate applicable on the date of maturity/extended maturity.
- Maximum Deposit Amount: Limit raised to ₹30 lakh (from ₹15 lakh) effective 1 April 2023 (as per Budget 2023).
Small Savings Interest Rates (as of 1 April 2025)
- Post Office Savings Account: 4.0% annually
- Time Deposits (quarterly): 1-yr 6.9% • 2-yr 7.0% • 3-yr 7.1% • 5-yr 7.5%
- 5-year Recurring Deposit: 6.7% (quarterly)
- Senior Citizens Savings Scheme: 8.2% (quarterly & paid)
- Monthly Income Account: 7.4% (monthly & paid)
- National Savings Certificate (NSC): 7.7%
- Sukanya Samriddhi: 8.2%
- Kisan Vikas Patra: 7.5%
- Mahila Samman Saving Certificate: 7.5%
Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)
- Launch/Restructure: Indira Awaas Yojana restructured to PMAY-G w.e.f. 1 April 2016 to achieve “Housing for All” by 2022.
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
- Aim: Provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families who are homeless or living in kutcha houses by March 2024 (extended from 2022).
Cost Sharing
- Centre : State = 60:40 in plain areas; 90:10 for North Eastern and hilly states.
Features / Objectives
- Eradicate slum houses & replace with pucca/concrete homes; permanent housing for all by 2024.
- Home loan interest rate subsidy up to 6.5% for loans with tenure up to 20 years.
- Scheme extended to complete ongoing houses and target left-out beneficiaries.
Interest Subsidy by Income Category
- EWS (≤ ₹3 lakh p.a.): 6.5% subsidy up to ₹6 lakh loan.
- LIG (₹3–6 lakh p.a.): 6.5% subsidy up to ₹6 lakh loan.
- MIG-I (₹6–12 lakh p.a.): 4% subsidy up to ₹9 lakh loan.
- MIG-II (₹12–18 lakh p.a.): 3% subsidy up to ₹12 lakh loan.
Benefits
- Supports construction of houses with 30 m² carpet area and basic civic infrastructure (water, sanitation, sewage, etc.).
- Grant subsidy to LIG/EWS ranges between ₹1 lakh and ₹2.3 lakh at 6.5% interest subsidy.
- Each beneficiary may receive ₹1.5 lakh to promote housing stock (new construction or renovation).
Eligibility (PMAY)
- Indian citizen; annual income up to ₹18 lakh.
- Does not own a permanent house in India; has not received government housing benefits.
- Age: 18–65; independent and regular source of income.
Income limits by segment: EWS ≤ ₹3L; LIG ₹3–6L; MIG-I ₹6–12L; MIG-II ₹12–18L.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
- Notified: 2005 | Goal: Improve livelihood security in rural areas.
- Universal guarantee: 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household that demands work — guarantees the Right to Work.
- Every registered household receives a Job Card (JC) to track completed work.
- Implemented by the Gram Panchayat.
- If employment isn’t provided within 15 days of application, unemployment allowance is payable.
- Work to be provided within 5 km of residence (Ombudsman – N. J. Ojha).
- Employment under MGNREGA is a legal entitlement.
Revised Wages (2025–26)
- New wage rates effective 1 April 2025.
- Average nationwide wage for 2025–26: ₹310 (up from ₹289 in 2024–25) — increase of ₹21/day.
- State-wise hike examples: UP & Uttarakhand +4%; Goa +9.5%; Karnataka +9.3%; Andhra Pradesh & Telangana +9.1%; MP & Chhattisgarh +8.7%.
State-wise Wage Rates (Unskilled, 2025–26)
- Highest: Haryana — ₹400/day; next: Goa — ₹390/day.
- Lowest: Arunachal Pradesh & Nagaland — ₹250/day.
- Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand — ₹250/day
- Bihar & Jharkhand — ₹260/day
- Rajasthan — ₹280/day
- Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh — ₹265/day
- Maharashtra — ₹320/day
Programme Scale & Governance
- Launched in 2005, one of the world’s largest work-guarantee programmes, under the Ministry of Rural Development (Giriraj Singh).
- Nationwide average days of employment per household in FY 2024–25: 53 days (below the 100-day guarantee).
Who Decides the Wage Rate?
- The Central Government fixes the minimum wage rate for unskilled workers under MGNREGA.
- States may set their own minimum wage rates, but these cannot be lower than the central rate.
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)
- Scale-up: Government aims to add 300 million beneficiaries by 26 January 2026.
- About: Flagship health protection scheme launched in 2018 to provide universal health coverage for poor and vulnerable groups, improving access to quality care irrespective of economic status.
Key Features
- Health cover: Up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization; covers 15+ crore families (~bottom 45%).
- Packages: Comprehensive list of 2,150 packages (e.g., cancer care, cardiac, neurosurgery, orthopedics, burns, mental disorders).
- Funding: Centrally sponsored; Centre:State sharing is 60:40 (most states), 90:10 (NE & Himalayan states), and 100:0 (UTs without legislature).
International Adoption (Jan Aushadhi)
- Mauritius became the first nation to adopt the Jan Aushadhi Scheme, enabling sourcing of ~300 high-quality medicines from the Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Bureau of India.
PM Gati Shakti
Integrated planning & time-bound implementation of infrastructure projects to cut logistics costs, speed up execution, and create jobs.
About the Scheme
- Aim: Integrated planning/implementation over the next four years to expedite ground-level works, reduce costs, and generate employment.
- Subsumes: The ₹100 lakh crore National Infrastructure Pipeline (2019).
- Logistics & Ports: Increase cargo handling capacity and reduce port turnaround time to boost trade.
- Integrated approach: Brings together 16 infrastructure-related ministries.
Targets & Focus Areas
- Industrial corridors: 11 corridors; 2 Defence corridors (Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh).
- Digital: Extend 4G connectivity to all villages.
- Energy: Add 17,000 km to the gas pipeline network.
- Transport: National highway network to 2 lakh km; creation of 200+ new airports, heliports, and water aerodromes (FY 2024-25 ambitions).
FAME India Scheme — Phase-II
Part of the National Electric Mobility Mission to incentivize EV adoption and expand charging infrastructure.
Background
- Phase-I: Started 2015, completed 31 March 2019; covered Mild/Strong Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid, and Battery Electric Vehicles.
- Phase-II: Duration 5 years from 1 April 2019; budgetary support ₹10,000 crore; focus on public & shared transport electrification.
Adoption Targets (Phase-II)
- 7,090 e-Buses
- 5 lakh e-3 Wheelers
- 55,000 e-4 Wheeler passenger cars
- 10 lakh e-2 Wheelers
Charging Infrastructure
- Phase-I: 520 charging stations sanctioned.
- Phase-II: 2,877 charging stations sanctioned in 68 cities across 25 States/UTs; plus 1,576 stations across 9 expressways & 16 highways.
- OMCs capital subsidy: ₹800 crore sanctioned to establish 7,432 public charging stations.
Budget Push
- Allocation under FAME (FY 2024-25) projected at ₹5,172 crore, up from revised estimate ₹2,897 crore—the highest since its launch.
- FAME-II subsidy formed approximately 85% of the Ministry of Heavy Industries allocation.
- FY 2025-26 budget proposals indicate continued strong support for EV adoption and infrastructure expansion.
About FAME
- Launched in April 2015 to encourage electric & hybrid vehicle purchases via financial support.
PM Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN)
What is PM-JANMAN?
- Launch: 15 Nov 2023 (Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas — Birth anniversary of Birsa Munda) in Jharkhand.
- Objective: Provide essential amenities — road & telecom connectivity, electricity, secure housing, clean drinking water, sanitation — and improve access to education, health, nutrition, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
- Awareness: Showcase/spread awareness of various government schemes for tribals.
- Implementing ministries: 9 ministries; Ministry of Tribal Affairs plays the key role.
- Beneficiaries: 75 identified tribal communities (PVTGs), population in lakhs, residing in 22,000+ villages.
- Focus: 11 critical interventions for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
- Total outlay: ₹24,104 crore.
- Budget 2023-24: Launch of the Pradhan Mantri PVTG Development Mission to enhance socio-economic conditions of PVTGs.
- Updates 2025: Expansion of Van Dhan Vikas Kendras to 1,200 centers nationwide; implementation of digital literacy programs for tribal youth; enhanced focus on renewable energy access with 150,000 off-grid solar household units planned by FY 2025-26.
Why in News?
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs highlighted PM-JANMAN as an ambitious initiative to uplift PVTGs, address unique challenges, and provide essential infrastructure for a brighter future.
Scheme Design & Interventions
- Comprises Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored schemes; implemented by MoTA in collaboration with State governments and PVTG communities.
- 11 critical interventions overseen by 9 line ministries in PVTG-inhabited villages.
- Covers sectors such as safe housing (PM Awas), drinking water, healthcare, education, nutrition, roads & telecom, and sustainable livelihoods.
- Establishment of Van Dhan Vikas Kendras for forest-produce trade; off-grid solar power for 1 lakh households; solar street lights.
- 2025 Update: Integration of tribal artisans into national e-commerce platforms via Van Dhan Kendras; launch of mobile health units equipped with telemedicine in remote tribal areas.
Who are PVTGs?
- 1973: Dhebar Commission identified Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) — declining/stagnant population, pre-agriculture technology, economic backwardness, low literacy.
- 2006: PTGs renamed as PVTGs; they reside in remote/inaccessible areas with poor infrastructure and administrative support.
- Spread: 75 PVTG communities across 18 States/UTs. Odisha (15) has the highest; then Andhra Pradesh (12); Bihar & Jharkhand (9 each); MP & Chhattisgarh (7 each); Tamil Nadu (6); Kerala & Gujarat (5 each). Others: Maharashtra, West Bengal, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Tripura, Manipur. All four tribal groups in Andaman and one in Nicobar are PVTGs.
- Other initiatives: Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra, PM PVTG Mission.
- Largest tribal group (2011 Census): Bhil (~38% of ST population) — in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Tripura.
- Smallest tribal community: Andamanese (population 19).
- Recent Data: 2024 tribal population estimates show steady growth with improved literacy and health indices in PVTG regions due to targeted interventions under PM-JANMAN.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
- Start: Sep 2020 | Capital: ₹22,500 crore | Growth: 9.5% | Target: 25 MMT.
Why in News?
Fourth anniversary celebrated; PMMSY envisages generation of 75 lakh employment opportunities by end of 2025-26. Recent focus on export promotion and sustainable aquaculture.
What is PMMSY?
- Part of the Atma Nirbhar Bharat package; highest-ever investment in fisheries sector (₹22,500 crore as of 2025).
- Fishermen provided with insurance cover, financial assistance, and Kisan Credit Card facility.
- Recent initiatives include promotion of sustainable fishing practices, development of cold chain infrastructure, and modernization of fishing harbors.
- Special focus on increasing marine fish production and expanding inland fisheries through technology adoption.
PM SHRI Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India)
- Announced on Teacher’s Day 2022; to serve as a laboratory for NEP.
- Phase-1: Upgrade 14,500 schools.
- Update 2025: Over 12,000 schools upgraded so far; Phase-2 planning initiated to cover an additional 15,000+ schools by 2027.
Duration & Budget
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme; total project cost ₹27,360 crore with ₹18,128 crore Central share for 5 years (2022-23 to 2026-27).
- Additional Funding: Proposal under consideration for increased allocation in FY 2025-26 to accelerate NEP-aligned infrastructure and digital learning enhancements.
Beneficiaries
- 18+ lakh students across 14,500 schools are direct beneficiaries.
- Further impact via mentoring/handholding of schools in the vicinity of PM SHRI schools.
- 2025 Update: Enhanced digital infrastructure and NEP-aligned teacher training programs benefiting over 20 lakh students cumulatively.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
Why in News?
- Announced on 15 Aug 2014; launched on 28 Aug 2014. PMJDY completed eleven years of successful implementation as of August 2025.
About the Scheme
- National Mission for Financial Inclusion.
- Ensures access to Banking/Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, and Pension at an affordable cost.
- Foundation for people-centric initiatives: DBT, COVID-19 assistance, PM-KISAN, increased wages under MGNREGA, life & health insurance cover — first step is universal bank account coverage.
Objectives
- Ensure access to financial products & services at an affordable cost.
- Use of technology to lower cost & widen reach.
Six Pillars
- Universal access to banking services: branches & Banking Correspondents.
- Overdraft facility: Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts with OD facility of ₹10,000 to every eligible adult.
- Financial literacy programmes (savings, ATMs, credit readiness, insurance/pension, mobile banking).
- Credit Guarantee Fund creation (bank risk-sharing against defaults).
- Insurance: Accident cover up to ₹2,00,000 and life cover ₹30,000 on accounts opened between 15 Aug 2014 and 31 Jan 2015; continued enhancements for newer accounts.
- Pension scheme for unorganised sector.
Approach & Achievements
- Accounts opened are online in CBS of banks.
- Focus shifted from “Every Household” to “Every Unbanked Adult”.
- Fixed-point BCs deployed.
- Simplified KYC/e-KYC replaced cumbersome formalities.
- As of August 2025: Over 46 crore accounts opened with a total deposit balance exceeding ₹1.75 lakh crore.
Extensions & Enhancements
- Focus shift reaffirmed to Every Unbanked Adult.
- RuPay Card Insurance: free accidental cover increased from ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh for PMJDY accounts opened after 28 Aug 2018.
- Interoperability: via RuPay debit card or AePS.
- Overdraft: OD limit doubled from ₹5,000 to ₹10,000; up to ₹2,000 without conditions; upper age limit for OD raised from 60 to 65 years.
- Jan Dhan Darshak App: citizen-centric locator for branches, ATMs, Bank Mitras, Post Offices, etc.
- New Initiatives 2025: Integration with digital lending platforms and expansion of overdraft facility to include women and senior citizens with enhanced credit limits.
Misc. Notes (as provided)
- Business Product / People: “Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana — 4% 4% — BSBDA, Debit Card, OD Limit, WGB, DBT, Gas …”
Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme 2024 (EMPS 2024)
- Introduced by: Ministry of Heavy Industries on 13 March 2024.
- Aim: Promote adoption of EVs in India, specifically electric-2 wheelers (e-2W) and electric-3 wheelers (e-3W).
- Outlay: ₹500 crore; replaces FAME-II.
- Duration: 1 April 2024 to 31 July 2024 (4 months).
- Coverage: Subsidies for e-2W and e-3W including registered e-rickshaws, e-carts, and L5 e-3W.
About L5 Category
L5 electric three-wheelers are higher-speed three-wheel motor vehicles for passengers or cargo with max speed > 25 km/h and motor power > 0.25 kW (a step up from L3 e-rickshaws/carts).
Incentives
- Up to ₹10,000 per e-two-wheeler — targeting ~3.33 lakh e-scooters/motorcycles.
- ₹25,000 for small e-three-wheelers and up to ₹50,000 for larger e-three-wheelers — aiming to benefit 41,000+ vehicles.
Latest Updates (August 2025)
- EMPS 2024 successfully concluded on 31 July 2024, leading to accelerated adoption of e-2W and e-3W across urban and semi-urban areas.
- Government is evaluating extension or revision of subsidy schemes for electric mobility beyond July 2024.
- Reported over 3.5 lakh e-2W and 45,000 e-3W subsidized under the scheme as of mid-2025.
- Focus now shifting to integration of EV charging infrastructure expansion under newer schemes.
Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME)
Why in News?
MoFPI is implementing a centrally sponsored PMFME scheme to provide financial, technical, business, and marketing support to micro food processing enterprises. It aligns with Atmanirbhar Bharat and the Vocal for Local initiative.
About the Scheme
- Objective: Enhance competitiveness of new/existing individual micro-enterprises in the unorganised food processing segment and promote formalisation.
- Tenure & Outlay: 2020-21 to 2024-25 with an outlay of ₹10,000 crore.
- Eligible entities: Individuals/Group micro-enterprises, SHGs, FPOs, Cooperatives.
Financial Assistance
- Credit-linked capital subsidy @ 35% of eligible project cost for individual micro units, up to ₹10 lakh per unit.
- Beneficiary contribution: minimum 10%; balance through bank loan.
- Cost sharing: Centre:State = 60:40; 90:10 for NE & Himalayan States; 100% Central funding for other UTs.
ODOP (One District One Product)
ODOP is an initiative under DPIIT (Ministry of Commerce & Industry) to promote unique district products for value-chain support and market linkages.
Latest Updates (August 2025)
- PMFME scheme successfully completed its tenure in 2024-25, achieving formalisation of over 12 lakh micro food processing units nationwide.
- Disbursed financial assistance crossed ₹8,000 crore, with significant uptake in NE and Himalayan regions.
- Focus on enhanced market linkage through digital platforms and expansion of ODOP initiatives.
- New phase discussions underway for PMFME 2.0 with increased emphasis on sustainability and technology adoption.
PM Vishwakarma
Central Sector Scheme by the Ministry of MSME to give end-to-end support to artisans/craftspeople: recognition, skilling, modern tools, collateral-free credit, digital incentives, and market linkages. Implemented for five years up to 2027-28.
Benefits
- Recognition: Certificate and ID Card as Vishwakarma.
- Skilling: Skill verification; 5–7 days (40 hrs) Basic Training; optional 15 days (120 hrs) Advanced Training.
- Training Stipend: ₹500/day.
- Toolkit Incentive: ₹15,000 grant.
- Credit Support (Collateral-free): ₹1,00,000 (1st tranche, 18-month repayment) and ₹2,00,000 (2nd tranche, 30-month repayment).
- Interest: Beneficiary charged 5%; interest subvention up to 8% paid by MoMSME; Credit Guarantee fees borne by GoI.
- Digital Incentive: ₹1/transaction up to 100 transactions/month.
- Marketing Support: National Committee for Marketing (NCM): quality certification, branding/promotion, e-commerce linkage, trade fairs, advertising & other marketing activities.
Eligibility
- Artisan/craftsperson working with hands and tools; engaged in the unorganised sector on a self-employment basis.
- Engaged in one of the 18 family-based traditional trades listed in the scheme.
- Age ≥ 18 years on the date of registration and engaged in the trade on that date.
- Should not have availed loans under similar credit-based Central/State schemes (e.g., PMEGP, PM SVANidhi, Mudra) in the past 5 years.
- One registered beneficiary per family for benefits.
Exclusions & Notes
- Persons in government service and their family members are not eligible.
- GoI to offer up to 8% subsidy for loans under PM Vishwakarma; scheme launched on Vishwakarma Jayanti (17 Sept 2023).
- Five-year financial outlay: ₹13,000 crore.
Latest Updates (August 2025)
- As of August 2025, over 18 lakh artisans have been registered under PM Vishwakarma scheme.
- Disbursed collateral-free credit crossed ₹3,500 crore with high repayment rates above 95%.
- Advanced training participation increased by 40%, with many beneficiaries engaging in digital marketing and e-commerce.
- Expansion of the marketing support initiatives resulted in 150+ trade fairs and 500+ e-commerce tie-ups nationwide.
- MoMSME reviewing proposal for extension and increased funding beyond 2027-28 based on scheme success.
PM PRANAM
Why in News?
To reduce the use of chemical fertilisers the Government is Planning to Launch the PM PRANAM ('Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth') Scheme.
Aim
- To bring down the subsidy burden on chemical fertilisers, which was estimated to reach Rs 2.25 lakh crore in 2022-23 — 39% higher than 2021 figure of Rs 1.62 lakh crore.
- Targeting a reduction in chemical fertiliser dependency and promoting sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives by 2025-26.
Urea Pricing & Extension
- The Maximum Retail Price (MRP) of urea is fixed by the Government of India. The current MRP is:
- Rs 5,628 per tonne
- Rs 268 for a 50 kg bag
- Rs 242 for a 45 kg bag
- The urea subsidy scheme has been extended until March 2027. The scheme aims to ensure that farmers have constant access to urea at the same price of ₹242/45 kg bag. The actual cost of a bag is around Rs. 2,200.
- Sugarcane FRP - The fair and remunerative price (FRP) of sugarcane for the 2024-25 season is ₹335 per quintal. This is a ₹20 increase from the previous year.
Features of the Proposed Scheme
- The scheme will have no separate budget and will be financed through the “savings of existing fertiliser subsidy” under schemes run by the Department of Fertilizers.
- 50% of subsidy savings will be passed on as a grant to the state that saves the money.
- 70% of the grant provided under the scheme can be used for asset creation related to the technological adoption of alternate fertilisers and alternate fertiliser production units at the village, block and district levels.
- The remaining 30% grant money can be used for rewarding and encouraging farmers, panchayats, farmer producer organisations and self-help groups that are involved in the reduction of fertiliser use and awareness generation.
- The calculation of reducing chemical fertiliser use of urea in a year will be compared to the average consumption of urea during the last three years.
- The total requirement of four fertilisers — Urea, DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate), MOP (Muriate of potash), NPKS (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) — in the country increased by 22% to 780 lakh metric tonnes (LMT) in 2024-25 from 640.27 lakh metric tonnes in 2021-22.
- Subsidy Burden on Government : Farmers buy fertilisers at Maximum Retail Prices (MRP) below their normal supply-and-demand-based market rates or what it costs to produce / Import them.
- For example, the MRP of neem-coated urea is fixed by the government at Rs. 5,922.22 per tonne, whereas its average cost-plus price payable to domestic manufacturers and importers comes to around Rs. 18,500 and Rs. 25,000 per tonne, respectively.
GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan) Scheme
(PM PRANAM Launched under the GOBAR scheme)
- As stated in the Annual Budget 2023-24, 500 new “waste to wealth” plants will be established under the GOBAR Scheme.
- These will include 200 compressed biogas (CBG) plants, including 75 plants in urban areas, and 300 community or cluster-based plants at total investment of Rs.10,000 crore.
- By August 2025, 350 plants are operational with an additional 150 under construction, maintaining the target of 500 plants.
- The scheme continues to support rural and urban biogas production to promote organic waste management and clean energy.
Agriculture Drone Scheme
- Government provides 40-100 percent subsidy to popularise drone use in agriculture; Maximum subsidy - Rs 10 lakh.
- Union Agriculture Ministry has extended the guidelines of Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) to provide 40-100 percent subsidy until March 2026 for purchasing drones for farm mechanization.
- After the amendment, a grant for the purchase of drones up to 100 percent of the cost of agriculture drones or Rs. 10 lakhs, whichever is less, can be given.
Subsidy details
- Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) institutes, Krishi Vigyan Kendras and State Agriculture Universities - 100% subsidy, Rs 10 lakh maximum.
- Agriculture graduates establishing Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) - 50 percent subsidy up to Rs 5 lakh.
- Existing CHCs or new ones, set up by cooperative societies of farmers, farmer producer organisations (FPOs) and rural entrepreneurs - 40 percent subsidy (maximum Rs 4 lakh).
- The scheme has supported over 2,500 drone units across states as of August 2025, enhancing farm productivity and precision agriculture adoption.
Operation Green Scheme
- The Operation Greens (OG) scheme is a central sector scheme under Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY) that aims to stabilize the supply of Tomatoes, Onions, And Potatoes (TOP) in India.
- The scheme was launched in November 2018 by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) to increase farmers' returns and reduce post-harvest losses.
- As of August 2025, the scheme has facilitated creation of over 300 TOP value chain infrastructure projects across 15 states, supporting cold storage, processing units, and logistics.
- OG scheme's budgetary allocation increased to ₹1,000 crore for the 2023-26 cycle to enhance market linkages and infrastructure development.
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
- Micro irrigation: "Per drop-More crop"
- Sharing: Centre-States cost sharing remains 75:25. For north-eastern and hilly states, it remains 90:10.
- Out of about 141 Million Hectare of net area sown in the country, irrigation coverage has increased to about 76 million hectare (or 54%) as of 2025.
Efficiency Of Major Irrigation Systems:
- Surface irrigation: 40%
- Sprinkler irrigation: 65-75%
- Surge Irrigation: 85-90%
- Drip Irrigation: 90-95%
About Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) is a national mission launched in 2015-16 that aims to improve farm productivity and water use efficiency through assured irrigation.
- Increasing the cultivable area with assured irrigation.
- Reducing water wastage.
- Improving water use efficiency on farms.
- Promoting sustainable water conservation practices.
- The scheme provides financial assistance with small and marginal farmers receiving up to 55% subsidy and other farmers up to 45%.
- It remains a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with central grants to State Governments on a 90:10 basis for NE states and 75:25 for others.
Components
- Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP)
- Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP)
- Watershed Development
- Per drop more crop (Micro irrigation)
Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra
About
- A nationwide campaign to raise awareness through outreach activities to achieve saturation of Government of India schemes across all Gram Panchayats, Nagar Panchayats, and Urban Local Bodies.
- Adopts a whole-of-government approach with active involvement of multiple Union Ministries/Departments, State Governments, Central Organisations and Institutions.
- Launched on 15 November 2023 from Khunti, Jharkhand; covered approximately 80% of Panchayats and reached over 15 crore participants by early 2024.:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}
- Delivered on‑spot services like enrolment under PM Ujjwala, Ayushman Cards, PMSBY/PMJJBY, PM SVANidhi, with participation crossing 15 crore.:contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
- Yatra extended beyond 26 January into February 2024 to ensure full geographic coverage.:contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
- Enabled over 4 crore health check-ups, 2.5 crore TB screenings, 50 lakh sickle-cell tests, 50 lakh Ayushman cards, 33 lakh new PM‑Kisan beneficiaries, 25 lakh new Kisan Credit Cards, 25 lakh LPG connections, and 10 lakh new SVANidhi applications.:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
Objectives
- Reach the vulnerable eligible who have not yet availed benefits.
- Disseminate information and generate awareness about schemes.
- Interact with beneficiaries via personal stories/experience-sharing.
- Enroll potential beneficiaries using details ascertained during the Yatra.
- Launch of initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Mahila Kisan Drone Kendra (for women SHGs), expansion of Jan Aushadhi Kendras (from 10,000 to 25,000), and provision of 15,000 drones to women; making the campaign a “Jan Andolan.”:contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
SVAMITVA Scheme
Launched on National Panchayati Raj Day (24 April 2021) by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
Key Points
- SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas) is a collaborative effort of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, State Panchayati Raj Departments, State Revenue Departments and Survey of India.
Aim & Method
- Provide an integrated property validation solution for rural India.
- Map land parcels in rural inhabited areas using drone technology and Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS).
- Nationwide, phase-wise mapping running through 2021–25.
Benefits
- Streamlines planning, revenue collection, and ensures clarity on property rights.
- Enables creation of better-quality Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs) using generated maps.
- GPDPs are constitutionally mandated and cover developmental planning across 29 subjects in the Eleventh Schedule.
Present Coverage
- Implementation underway across multiple States including Maharashtra, Karnataka, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Rajasthan.:contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
Recent Developments (as of December 2024 & January 2025)
- Drone surveys completed in ~310,388 villages; 265,893 villages have received finalized maps; approximately 99.85 million parcels digitized; 1.12 lakh property cards distributed.:contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
- On 18 January 2025, Prime Minister issued an additional 65 lakh property cards across 230 districts in 10 States and 2 UTs.:contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes)
Announced in Union Budget 2023-24 to promote mangrove plantations along the coastline and on salt‑pan lands. (International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem: 26 July)
Why Mangroves?
- Although mangroves cover ~0.15% of India’s total area, they can store significantly high amounts of carbon and protect coasts. As per ISFR 2023, India’s mangrove cover is 4,991.68 km² (~0.15%).
- India recorded a net increase of 16.68 km² since 2019, reflecting steady, positive momentum.
States with Highest Mangrove Cover
- West Bengal
- Gujarat
- Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Andhra Pradesh
- Odisha
Gujarat has planted mangroves over 19,020 hectares in two years under MISHTI—making it a national frontrunner.
In FY 2024‑25, Odisha received ~₹70 lakh for restoring 89 hectares across four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Puri)—covering 3,836 ha through gap funding and 22,560.34 ha via convergence with other programmes.
Focus Parameters
Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Water Quality, Temperature.
PM PVTG Development Mission
- To improve socio‑economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), a Mission was launched with ₹15,000 crore allocated over 3 years under the Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes.
- Includes recruitment of 38,800 teachers & support staff for 740 EMRS, serving ~3.5 lakh tribal students.
PVTGs — Background
- Tribal population is ~8.6% of India’s population.
- Designated as PTGs in 1973 (renamed PVTGs in 2006); 75 PVTGs identified across 18 states and 1 UT.
- Odisha has the largest PVTG population (~8.66 lakh), followed by MP (~6.09 lakh) and Andhra Pradesh (incl. Telangana) (~5.39 lakh). Sahariya is the largest PVTG (~4.5 lakh population).
Tribes & Population Facts
- 705 Scheduled Tribes across 30 States/UTs (~104 million people as of March 2023).
- Efforts include PVTG mapping, infrastructure in education, health, housing, livelihood initiatives.
Criteria for PVTG Identification
- Pre‑agriculture technology
- Stagnant/declining population
- Extremely low literacy
- Subsistence-level economy
Revamped PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojna
Centre’s rooftop solar programme with an overall outlay of ₹75,000 crore (Prime Minister’s Rooftop Solar: Free Electricity Scheme).
What’s Changed
- Originally planned to fully subsidise 1–3 kW systems for 1 crore households.
- Now: Government covers up to 60% of system cost; households pay the balance with access to concessional loans and increased availability of low-cost financing through banks and NBFCs.
Benefits to Households
- Up to 300 units/month of free electricity envisaged.
- Annual savings estimated at ₹15,000–₹20,000 per household due to rising grid electricity tariffs and improved solar panel efficiency.
- Enhanced reliability and reduced dependence on grid power, especially in rural and remote areas.
Context & Costs
- India targeted 40 GW rooftop solar capacity by 2022; achieved about ~18 GW by mid-2025.
- Typical rooftop system cost has declined to around ₹40,000 per kW due to advances in technology and economies of scale.
- Government is promoting integration with net-metering and battery storage options to improve usability.
PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI) Scheme
Launched with an outlay of ₹4,797 crore, PRITHVI is an overarching scheme of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) for the period 2021–2026. It integrates five ongoing sub-schemes and provides a holistic framework to study and serve the nation across all major components of the Earth System.
About
- Overarching MoES scheme (2021–2026) integrating five sub-schemes:
- ACROSS: Atmosphere and Climate Research – Modelling, Observing Systems & Services
- O-SMART: Ocean Services, Modelling, Application, Resources and Technology
- PACER: Polar Science and Cryosphere Research
- SAGE: Seismology and Geosciences
- REACHOUT: Research, Education, Training and Outreach
- Addresses the five components of Earth System Sciences: atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere.
- Holistic approach to enhance scientific understanding and deliver reliable services for the country.
Objectives
- Augment and sustain long-term observations of the atmosphere, ocean, geosphere, cryosphere and solid earth to record vital Earth-system signals and change.
- Develop modelling systems for understanding and predicting weather, ocean and climate hazards, and advance the science of climate change.
- Expand the deployment of advanced observing technologies including satellites, ocean buoys, and unmanned aerial systems to improve data collection accuracy.
- Enhance collaboration with international Earth system science initiatives to leverage global data and expertise.
Benefits for India
- Provides advanced warning services for natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, heatwaves, and earthquakes, enabling prompt and effective disaster management.
- Improved forecasting accuracy has contributed to reducing the loss of life and property in the last two years.
- Supports policy-making in climate resilience, coastal management, and sustainable resource use based on scientific evidence.
Priority Sector Lending (PSL)
Priority Sectors are those identified by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India as vital for meeting basic national needs and therefore deserve priority in bank credit.
What is Priority Sector Lending?
- Priority Sectors are those that the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India consider as important for the development of the basic needs of the country and are to be given priority over other sectors.
- Under priority sector lending, banks are mandated to encourage the growth of such sectors with adequate and timely credit.
- The requirement to reserve 40% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or CEOBE, whichever is higher, applies to all scheduled commercial banks and foreign banks with a major presence in India.
- Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are required to devote 75% and Small Finance Banks (SFBs) 60% of ANBC or CEOBE (whichever is higher) to PSL from FY 2025–26 onwards.
Different Categories of the Priority Sector
- Agriculture
- Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
- Export Credit
- Education
- Housing
- Social Infrastructure
- Renewable Energy
- Others
PSL Targets by Bank Type
| Categories | Domestic Scheduled Commercial Banks & Foreign Banks (≥20 branches) | Regional Rural Banks | Small Finance Banks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Priority Sector | 40% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. | 75% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher; lending to Medium Enterprises, Social Infrastructure and Renewable Energy shall also be reckoned for priority sector. | 60% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher (effective FY 2025–26). |
| Agriculture | 18% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher; with a sub-target of 10% for Small and Marginal Farmers (SMFs). | 18% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher; with a sub-target of 10% for SMFs. | 18% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher; with a sub-target of 10% for SMFs. |
| Micro Enterprises | 7.5% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. | 7.5% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. | 7.5% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. |
| Advances to Weaker Sections | 12% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. | 15% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. | 12% of ANBC or CEOBE, whichever is higher. |
Important Points: Maximum Loan
- Pledge/Hypothecation (12 months): ₹75 lakh (NWR), ₹50 lakh (other)
- Education: up to ₹25 lakh per individual
- FPO/FPC: ₹10 crore per borrowing entity
- Co-operative society: ₹5 crore
- Agri. Start-ups: ₹50 crore
- Food & Agro processing: ₹100 crore per borrower
- Renewable energy project: ₹35 crore; Household: ₹10 lakh
- Allied activity: ₹2 lakh per individual
- Household: ₹10 lakh
- Distressed individual: ₹1 lakh
Amrit Dharohar Scheme
A Central Government scheme for wetland protection, announced in the Union Budget 2023–24. The scheme is designed to highlight the ecological and livelihood importance of wetlands.
Key Features
- Implemented over the next three years to encourage optimal use of wetlands.
- Aims to enhance biodiversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities, and income generation for local communities.
- Emphasises the preservation of wetlands with local communities as caretakers of the ecosystem.
- Strives for sustainable ecosystem development by linking conservation with community participation.
- Expanded focus to include climate resilience and wetland restoration in priority regions identified by the National Wetlands Inventory (2024 update).
- Partnerships strengthened with local governments, NGOs, and research institutes for monitoring and capacity-building.
Objective
The Amrit Dharohar scheme seeks to protect and rejuvenate wetlands while ensuring that local people benefit through eco-tourism, carbon capture, and sustainable livelihoods. It aligns with the broader vision of community-led environmental stewardship and integrates the latest scientific practices for wetland restoration and monitoring.
World’s Largest Food Storage Scheme
Also referred to as the World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in the Cooperative Sector. Aim: enhance foodgrain storage capacity in the cooperative sector by 70 million tonnes, with an outlay of about ₹1 lakh crore. The plan converges multiple existing schemes across ministries and provides for constructing a 2,000-tonne godown in every block.
Why in News?
- The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the world’s largest grain storage plan in the cooperative sector with an outlay of around ₹1 lakh crore.
- The initiative aims to curb crop damage, prevent distress sales by farmers, and bolster national food security.
(m CnH«$_mMo C[Ôï nrH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ amoIUo, eoVH$èm§H$Sy>Z hmoUmar ÌmgXmH$ [dH«$r amoIUo Am[U XoemMr AÞgwajm dmT>dUo ho Amho) - The pilot phase has seen godown construction in 11 states, with over 500 additional PACS identified for godown construction, targeting completion by December 2026.
Major Highlights
- About: Focus on creating godowns and allied agri-infrastructure at the PACS (Primary Agricultural Credit Societies) level to strengthen food security, reduce wastage, and empower farmers.
- Convergence: The project converges eight ongoing schemes across three ministries to address India’s agri-storage gaps.
- Pilot: Ministry of Cooperation to implement a pilot in at least 10 selected districts.
- Capacity & Outlay: Increase cooperative-sector storage by 70 million tonnes; total value about ₹1 lakh crore.
- Block-level Godowns: Construction of a 2,000-tonne capacity godown in every block.
- Vision: Leverage cooperatives’ strengths and transform them into successful enterprises under “Sahakar-se-Samriddhi” (Cooperation for Prosperity).
- Infra at PACS: Establish warehouses, custom hiring centres, and processing units at the PACS level.
- PACS footprint: India has over 1,00,000 PACS with a membership base of more than 13 crore farmers.
Implementation & Progress
- Godowns have been successfully constructed at PACS in 11 states including Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Assam, Telangana, Tripura, and Rajasthan.
- Over 500 additional PACS identified for godown construction, targeting completion by December 2026.
- Government approved a ₹2,925.39 crore project for computerization of functional PACS; as of June 2025, 73,492 PACS sanctioned, with 59,920 PACS onboarded to ERP systems and hardware delivered to 64,323 PACS.
Benefits
- Prevents food wastage by protecting grains from pest attacks and weather damage.
- Strengthens national food security by safely storing larger quantities of foodgrain.
- Reduces distress sales by farmers, enabling better price realization.
- Minimizes transportation costs through local storage facilities.
- Generates local employment through construction and operation of storage facilities.
- Strengthens PACS by diversifying activities and increasing farmer incomes.
- Improves management of climate change effects on food production.
Lakhpati Didi Yojana
An initiative of the Ministry of Rural Development empowering SHG women to earn over ₹1,00,000 per year via sustainable livelihoods.
About the Initiative
- Lakhpati Didi is an initiative of the Ministry of Rural Development that strives to empower women associated with Self-Help Groups to have an annual household income exceeding ₹1,00,000 through adopting sustainable livelihood practices.
- The programme was launched during 2023. With an initial target set for 2 crore Lakhpati Didis, the program target has been enhanced to 3 crore during 2024–25.
Overview of Lakhpati Didi
- The nation has about 94+ lakh Self-Help Groups (SHGs) with ten crore women transforming the rural socio-economic landscape with empowerment and self-reliance.
What is the Lakhpati Didi Scheme?
- The government's goal is to create two crore “lakhpati didis” in villages. This scheme aligns with the broader mission of poverty alleviation and economic empowerment.
- Under this scheme, women will be provided skill training so that they can earn over ₹1 lakh per year.
Features
- Drones will be provided to women SHGs for agricultural activities.
- This initiative aims to leverage technology to transform the agricultural landscape while empowering women in rural communities.
- Around 15,000 women's SHGs will be given training in operating and repairing drones.
- This training will not only create new avenues for income generation but also equip women with cutting-edge skills.
- Drones have the potential to revolutionize agriculture by enabling precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest control.
- Under the scheme, women will be trained in skills like LED bulb making, plumbing, among others.
Namo Drone Didi Yojana
Key Points -
- Drone Didis initiative was launched by the PM on November 30, 2023 after his interaction with women beneficiaries of the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra.
- It aims to provide drones to 15,000 women Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the next two years to be rented out to farmers for agricultural purposes.
- The women beneficiaries are trained to become drone pilots under the initiative.
- The trained women drone pilots will help farmers in various agricultural operations like fertiliser spraying, sowing seeds and crop monitoring. This will help rural women generate income by utilising their skills.
- The initiative intends to modernise Indian agricultural practices and enhance productivity by placing cutting-edge technology at the disposal of rural women.
- The scheme will cover 15,000 women SHGs, to be identified from among 89 lakh SHGs formed under the Centre’s Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana, and will provide them a sustainable business model and livelihood support.
- The Centre will provide each SHG identified a subsidy up to 80% towards the cost of a drone or a maximum of ₹8 lakh. It is expected to generate an additional income of about ₹1 lakh per head for them.
- As of August 2025, over 10,200 SHGs have received drones, and training of drone pilots is ongoing with more than 12,500 women trained across states including Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh.
Self Help Groups
Functioning of SHGs
Size of the SHG
- The ideal size of an SHG is 10 to 20 members (As Per International Labour Organisation). (Advantage: In a bigger group, members cannot actively participate. Also, legally it is required that an informal group should not be more than 20 people.)
- The group need not be registered.
Membership -
- From one family, only one person can become a member of an SHG. (More families can join SHGs this way.)
- The group normally consists of either only men or only women. Mixed groups are generally not preferred. Women’s groups are generally found to perform better. (They are better in savings and usually ensure proper use of loans.)
- Members should have the same social and financial background. (Advantage: This makes it easier for the members to interact freely with each other. If members are both from rich as well as poor class, the poor may hardly get an opportunity to express themselves.)
Mahila Samman Savings Certificate
Small Savings Schemes:
- To commemorate Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, a one-time small savings scheme, Mahila Samman Savings Certificate, was made available for a two-year period up to March 2025.
- This scheme offers a deposit facility up to ₹2 lakh in the name of women or girls with a fixed interest rate of 7.5% and includes a partial withdrawal option.
- As of August 2025, the scheme concluded in March 2025, and total subscriptions crossed ₹1,500 crore, benefiting over 8 lakh women across the country.
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is a scheme of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas for providing LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households.
- The scheme was launched on 1st May 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
- The target under the scheme was to release 8 Crore LPG Connections to deprived households by March 2020. Under the Union Budget for FY 21-22, provision for release of an additional 1 Crore LPG connections under the PMUY scheme was made. Special facilities were provided to migrant families in this phase.
- The extension of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) approved for release of 75 lakh LPG connections over three years from Financial Year 2023-24 to 2025-26.
- As on 31st July 2025, there are approximately 11.4 crore PMUY beneficiaries.
- Under the expanded scheme, an adult woman belonging to any of the following categories is eligible.
Target beneficiaries -
- SC Households.
- ST Households.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin) beneficiaries.
- Most Backward Classes.
- Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) beneficiaries.
- Tea and Ex-Tea Garden tribes.
- Forest Dwellers.
- People residing in Islands and River Islands.
- SECC Households (AHL TIN).
- Poor Households as per 14-point declaration.
- Applicant must have attained 18 years of age.
- There should not be any other LPG connections in the same household.
- As of March 2025, the Union Cabinet approved a targeted subsidy of ₹300 per 14.2 kg cylinder for up to 12 refills per year for PMUY beneficiaries for the financial year 2024-25.
- This subsidy is pro-rated for 5 kg cylinders and is credited directly to beneficiaries' bank accounts. The subsidy was increased from ₹200 per cylinder in May 2022 to ₹300 in October 2023.
- Recent updates include pilot schemes for introducing green LPG alternatives and promoting use of bio-LPG in select rural districts.
Allocations to Major Schemes (FY25)
Key budget changes compared to FY24 (amounts in ₹ crore):
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGA): Allocation increased to ₹86,000 in FY25 from ₹60,000 in FY24 (BE) — a 43.33% rise. (Note: Same as FY24 Revised Estimate.)
- Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY: Allocation increased to ₹9,406 in FY25 from ₹7,300 in FY24 — a 28.8% rise.
- Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: Allocation increased to ₹90,000 in FY25 from ₹57,770 in FY24 (RE) — a ~56% rise.
- Modified Programme for Development of Semiconductors & Display Manufacturing Ecosystem: Allocation increased to ₹7,000 in FY25 from ₹3,816 in FY24 — a 83.4% rise.
- Solar Power (GRID): Budget estimate increased to ₹8,500 in FY25 from ₹4,757 in FY24 (RE) — a 78.7% rise.
- National Green Hydrogen Mission: Allocation increased to ₹600 in FY25 from ₹300 in FY24 (RE) — a 100% rise.
Ladli Behna Scheme (Mukhyamantri Ladli Behna Yojana, Madhya Pradesh)
Announced by the Government of Madhya Pradesh on 28 January 2023 to strengthen women’s economic independence. Under this scheme, each eligible woman receives ₹1,250 per month (earlier: ₹1,000) directly into her Aadhaar-linked, DBT-enabled bank account — an annual amount of ₹15,000 for women aged 21–60. Recent government releases confirm plans to incrementally increase the monthly amount to ₹1,500 by late 2025, subject to budget approvals.
Eligibility
- The applicant must be a woman and a permanent resident of Madhya Pradesh.
- Eligible categories: married women, divorcees, and destitute women.
- Age between 21 and 60 years.
- Family annual income below ₹2,50,000.
